Andrew Goodwin - key features of a music video

Andrew Goodwin identified different key features in a music video. They are the following:

Genre characteristics
Genre characteristics is when there are certain features present in a music video that depend on the genre of the song. So this means Pop songs may usually have a dance routine along with some narrative to tell a story. A good example is Lady GaGa as she always has dance routines in her videos.

"Judas - Lady GaGa"

Another good example for pop would be boy bands as there always seems to be a dance routine. An example would be boy bands like: NSYNC, New Kids on the Block, Take That and One Direction.

"Bye Bye Bye - NSYNC"

Another genre characteristic is metal videos. In these music videos, the band will usually be seen doing a performance with abstract surroundings or even at concert; the band members would have long hair and usually wear leather and have dry ice for a stage presence effect. Here is some examples of Metallica.

"Enter sandman - Metallica"

"No leaf clover - Metallica"

Relationship between song and visuals

There are 3 different types of relationships that a music video can have with the song, the video can "Illustrate", "Amplify" or "Ignore"

Illustrate is where the the lyrics can be seen in the video so for example if there is a lyric about a car, there will be a car in that shot of the video to illustrate what is happening. An example could be Adele "Hello" as the song repeats the lyrics about calling someone and in the video we can see Adele talking on the phone and also the lyrics are depressed about a break up or loosing someone so the video is dark lighting and sad. Here is the video - 

"Hello - Adele"

Amplify is where the lyrics have a meaning behind them but in the video the meaning is further expanded by the visuals to give a bigger and better meaning. For example, we can use Micheal Jackson's Man in the Mirror video. The songs message is about self change to improve yourself. However along with the video the message becomes improve yourself to improve the world, to make the world a better place. Here is the video - 

"Man in the Mirror - Micheal Jackson"

Ignore is where the video contradicts the lyrics or just ignores them. This could be a narrative about a story but the story doesn't relate to the lyrics so i doesn't make sense. A good example is Carly Rae Jepsen "I really like you" as the video is about a guy that she really likes but in the video we just see Tom Hanks walking around a city. Therefore the video ignore the lyrics of the song. Here is the video - 

"I really like you - Carly Rae Jepsen"

Inter-textual referencing
Within music videos there are sometimes references to other artists, movies and videos. A good example is "Walks like Rhianna" by The Wanted. In this video, The Wanted recreated famous boy band scenes from N'Sync, The Backstreet boy and Take That. Here are some screenshots of the original music videos along side with The Wanted

NSync - Bye Bye Bye

The Wanted

The Wanted

Goodwin also stated that there is a feature in most music videos where there will be people "looking" around and not doing much.